Which stage of the process is also referred to as the “probable cause” stage?

A. preliminary hearing
B. initial appearance
C. arraignment
D. sentencing


A. preliminary hearing

Criminal Justice

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Which of the following is not an element of the due process model?

a. Fair procedures c. Discretion by police and prosecutors b. Individual rights d. Obstacle course

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Researcher have found no historical evidence of women being physically mistreated in the correctional system. 2. Historically, only a small percentage of women have been incarcerated for violent crimes. 3. The first women’s prison in the United States was Mount Pleasant, built in 1839. 4. Methods of discipline for women in the 1800s moved from severe to soft, depending on the availability of supervision, the facilities, the number of women incarcerated, and the inclination of the keepers. 5. Dorothea Dix had a very unfavorable view of houses of refuge.

Criminal Justice

An effective police administrator never forgets that human beings are viewed as

a. independent b. atavistic throwbacks c. cogent d. social animals e. languid

Criminal Justice

An approach in which a researcher gathers a lot of specific data from interviews and, after analysis, develops broad understanding of the topic is referred to as ______.

a. follow-up probes b. maximum variation sampling c. inductive reasoning d. content analysis

Criminal Justice