Which of the following would increase the electrochemical gradient across a membrane?
A) a sucrose-proton cotransporter
B) a proton pump
C) a potassium channel
D) both a proton pump and a potassium channel
B
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B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when _____
A) B cells produce IgE antibodies B) B cells release cytokines C) cytotoxic T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface D) helper T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells E) helper T cells release cytokines
To observe the three-dimensional structure of a cell the best type of microscopy would be
A. fluorescence microscopy. B. standard light microscopy. C. scanning electron microscopy. D. differential-interference light microscopy. E. transmission electron microscopy.
Cells change shape during embryogenesis due to
a. altering of the microtubules in the cells. b. adhesive proteins on the surface of the cell. c. cell migration due to a chemical smell. d. physical signals from the environment. e. none of these.
What is one goal of the Human Microbiome Project?
A. To sequence the DNA of all microorganisms B. To study the prevalence of disease C. To elucidate genetically linked diseases D. To study microorganisms in an artificial habitat E. To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease