Using appropriate diagrams, describe the resultant effect of a sudden reduction of the capacity (bottleneck) on a highway both upstream and downstream of the bottleneck.

What will be an ideal response?


The diagrams below illustrate the impact of a bottleneck on traffic flow.

In the first diagram, the reduction in capacity is shown (C1 reduced to C2) and the

corresponding density at capacity changes from ko1 to ko2. The second diagram

illustrates the effect of the bottleneck in terms of the shock wave that is formed.

When the flow is reduced due to the bottleneck, a queue is formed and continues

to grow as long as the demand flow is greater than the service flow. The rate at

which the queue grows is dependent on the speed of the shock wave, uw.



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