When given a cup of coffee before a race, a sample of runners were found to run the race faster than without coffee. If we then conclude that on average runners run faster after drinking coffee, this would be an example of
a. an illogical inference.
b. an inferential inference.
c. a statistical inference.
d. a descriptive inference.
C
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Donald and Ronald are identical twins who have been raised apart, in separate adoptive homes. However, both brothers have developed the same psychological disorder. This information could be used as evidence to suggest that
a. environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors in this disorder. b. both genetic and environmental factors contribute equally to this disorder. c. genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors in this disorder. d. neither genetic nor environmental factors contribute to this disorder.
Which of the following is not a scoring category of the Rorschach?
a. location b. content c. inquiry d. form quality
When a correlation is not statistically different from zero:
a. a clear relationship exists between the two measures of interest, but the values move in opposite directions b. knowing the value of one measure does not allow you to predict the value of the second measure with an accuracy greater than chance c. high values on one measure will generally be associated with low values on the second measure d. low values on one measure will generally be associated with low values on the second measure
Which sentence describes a cohort difference that might emerge in research on adult intelligence?
The typical middle-aged man is better at reasoning ability than he is at math. A 75-year-old man shows a marked decrease in all five primary mental abilities. Today's middle-aged women have better verbal skills than the middle-aged women of an earlier generation did because more of them today are employed. High-school seniors who plan to attend college score higher in verbal comprehension and mathematical ability than do their classmates.