A patient in hypovolemic shock is demonstrating compensation by a slight increase in blood pressure. The nurse realizes that this is because of
1. reduced secretion of aldosterone.
2. reduced secretion of anti-diuretic hormone.
3. kidney conservation of water through the renin-angiotensin system.
4. potassium retention.
3
Rationale: As a result of decreased blood flow to the kidneys, the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys excrete renin. Renin catalyzes angiotensinogen in the liver, which then converts to angiotensin I in the circulation. Once in the lungs, angiotensin I converts to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor. The vasoconstriction produced by angiotensin II increases blood pressure by increasing afterload. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone. The net effects of these hormonal mechanisms are increased blood pressure through vasoconstriction and increased venous return through retention of sodium and water, and decreased urine output. In response to a decrease in blood volume anti-diuretic hormone will be increased and not reduced. Potassium does not play a role in the conservation of water to help increase the blood pressure
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