The nurse uses comfort measures to enhance an older adult's pharmacological pain man-agement. Which should the nurse use to identify relationships between comfort measures, pharmacotherapy, and the older adult's pain level?
a. Older adult self-report
b. Older adult's pain diary
c. Faces Pain Scale–revised
d. Pain medication frequency
B
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A Incorrect. Self-report is one parameter used to evaluate pain and still it is still necessary to draw a relationship between the pain level and another factor.
B Correct. The nurse instructs the older adult to maintain a pain diary to help the individual achieve some control over the pain experience. The diary is then used to identify trends or the timing of pain and relationships between the pain level and comfort measures, activity, and pain medications. Many older adults report feeling useful and having some control over the pain, or at least the pain man-agement program, through maintaining a pain diary.
C Incorrect. The Faces Pain Scale–revised is a reliable pain assessment tool, but the task remains to link the pain rating to other factors.
D Incorrect. The frequency of medication administration provides a clue about the patient's pain level.
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