The sudden rise of Islam in the seventh century c.e. had an impact on Indian Ocean commerce because
a. Islamic rulers were suspicious of merchants and sought to curtail their activities.
b. Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast.
c. early rulers of the Arab Empire sought to promote trade within the empire by prohibiting trade by Muslim merchants beyond its borders.
d. both a and c.
Ans: b. Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast.
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