The nurse knows that with the onset of darkness and in preparation for sleep:
a. cortisol levels peak.
b. cortisol levels increase.
c. core body temperature increases.
d. melatonin levels increase.
ANS: D
Melatonin levels increase and core temperature and cortisol levels decrease with the onset of darkness. Cortisol levels peak at 6 A.M.
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The nurse cares for a client who requires hemodialysis and has an arteriovenous fistula. Which statements will the nurse include when teaching the client safety precautions for the AV fistula? Select all that apply.
A. "Keep the AV fistula dry and avoid washing with soap." B. "Do not wear constrictive clothing or jewelry." C. "Avoid lifting heaving objects with the extremity that has the AV fistula." D. "Avoid lying on the extremity with the AV fistula." E. "Immediately report swelling or discoloration."
When making a distinction as to whether a patient is experiencing confusion related to depression or dementia, what information would be most important for the nurse to consider?
a. The patient with dementia is persistently angry and hostile. b. Early morning agitation and hyperactivity occur in dementia. c. Confusion seems to worsen at night when dementia is present. d. A patient who is depressed is constantly preoccupied with somatic symptoms.
Which technique by the nurse accurately maintains asepsis of a peripheral IV access device?
a. Wear gloves when hanging all IV solutions. b. Apply a topical antibiotic ointment to the insertion site. c. Change fluid administration sets according to institutional policy. d. Flush with heparin before use.
The nurse has completed medication education with the patient who is receiving atenolol (Tenormin). The nurse determines that teaching is effective when the patient makes which statement?
1. "I must avoid grapefruit juice when I take this medicine." 2. "I must call my doctor if I want to stop this medicine." 3. "I must check my pulse before taking the medicine and call the doctor if it is less than 50." 4. "I must take this medicine with food so it will be properly absorbed."