Bias-crime victims and their supporters have been able to improve the response of the criminal justice system in a number of ways. Outline and discuss two of the recent positive changes that have appeared in the criminal justice system with regard to bias crime, and identify the role played by victims and their supporters in forcing these changes

What will be an ideal response?


Two criminal justice reforms have taken place, improving the criminal justice response to bias crimes. First, California passed the first law to amend its existing hate crime statute to include crimes targeted towards homosexuals. This was an important success for victims and their supporters as politicians were fearful of supporting this legislation and being seen as also endorsing different sexual preferences. The second reform of interest is statutes aimed at having civil lawsuit provisions so targets of bias crimes can sue bigots for violating their constitutional rights. Victims of hate crimes can now recover various financial harms, such as punitive damages and court costs.

Criminal Justice

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

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a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice