Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements that must be considered in establishing mens rea for willfulness in a tax deficiency?
A. a situation where the defendant willfully committed the act before it was made criminal
B. a situation where the defendant knew of his or her duty
C. a situation where the law imposed a duty on the defendant
D. a situation where the defendant voluntarily and intentionally violated his or her duty
Answer: A
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Abandonment or withdraw by a conspirator makes the crime
a. nonetheless complete b. not complete c. complete if one of the conspirators commits the crime d. not complete unless one of the conspirators commits the crime
Today's feminist criminologists agree on gender-based differences in adolescents' experiences, developmental rates, and the scope and motivation of male and female patterns of offending
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following are community violence prevention strategies that were discussed in the text?
a. Rebuilding the village b. Improving self-esteem c. Providing access to health care d. All of the above
Matching
Column 1 Column 2 1. Lectures a. This method is comprised of a small discussion group in which trainees can talk, listen, and compare experiences with others under the guidance of experienced personnel can give participants added insight into the perspective and experiences of others. 2. Guest Speakers b. A change of pace may be of great value in reviving lagging interest, fostering participation, and refocusing attention on the subject. The instructor may often accomplish this by stimulating discussion among the students. 3. Role Playing and Field Problems c. Experienced detectives, vice officers, investigators of juvenile crime, and the like can be utilized to give training sessions relating to their areas of expertise, especially when matters arise that should be brought to the attention of patrol officers. 4. Stress Management Simulations d. Role-playing can also be easily adapted to this method, although they are not foolproof in training personnel perfectly in every stressful situation. 5. Workshops e. They are splendid training mediums that have been utilized frequently and have produced notable results in many cases, especially at the operational level in police work. These meetings need not follow formal procedures and can be easily adapted to current needs. 6. Demonstrations f. This method can be used productively, especially at or near the end of training sessions for experienced officers. Members chosen for their expertise can clarify issues involving the application of policies and procedures to the regular operational duties of the trainees. 7. Group Discussions g. It is quite often the least effective method, since it assumes that all members of the class progress at the same rate; it can be used advantageously if it is presented in extremely short sessions. 8. Panel Discussions h. Although this method is a useful device, they are of particular value when manipulative skills are the subject of instruction. 9. Conferences i. Simulation of common incidents likely to be faced frequently by officers in the field is an extremely useful training device.