The student nurse is discussing her 4-year-old patient with her nursing instructor. The instructor asks her about how Erikson's Developmental Tasks have an impact on a 4-year-old child's self-concept and sexuality. What is the best response?

Question

a. "Mike identifies with his father."
b. "Mike likes to help dress himself."
c. "Mike is aware that he is too small to play football."
d. "Mike is looking forward to going to col-lege when he gets bigger."

Answer 1

A
Identifying with his father shows that the patient is in the proper stage for his age. In the In-itiative Versus Guilt (3 to 6 years) the individual takes initiative, identifies with a gender, en-hances self-awareness, and increases language skills, including identification of feelings. In the Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years) the individual begins to communicate likes and dislikes, becomes increasingly independent in thoughts and actions, and appreciates body appearance and function (including dressing, feeding, talking, and walking). In the In-dustry Versus Inferiority stage (6 to 12 years) the individual incorporates feedback from peers and teachers, increases self-esteem with new skill mastery (e.g., reading, math, sports, music), strengthens sexual identity, and becomes aware of strengths and limitations. In the Identity Versus Role Confusion stage (12 to 20 years) the individual accepts body changes/maturation, examines attitudes, values, and beliefs; establishes goals for the future, and feels positive about expanded sense of self.