Which factors play a dominant role in the etiology of bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply.)
a. Polygenics
b. Substance abuse
c. Variations in neurotransmission
d. Birth injuries or alternations in prenatal development
e. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-adrenal (HPTA) axis
A, C, E
Bipolar disorder is most likely caused by the interplay of complex variables. Theories implicate polygenics (multiple genes), neurotransmitter imbalances, and endocrine imbalance. Neuroimaging shows changes in the frontal lobes and lateral ventricles of some patients. The cause of the disorder is not associated with substance abuse or prenatal problems.
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A client with chronic myeloid leukemia is admitted to an acute care facility. The nurse understands that the client is least likely to be part of which demographic group?
A. Male B. Younger than 20 years C. Older than 65 years D. Female
Persons with chronic mental health problems have much higher rates of:
a. Apathy b. Suicide c. Homicide d. Physical illness
When assessing a patient, the nurse notes that the patient has an unnatural paleness of color to the skin. The nurse should document this finding as:
a. skin pallor. b. pruritus. c. sallow skin. d. jaundice.
During a family counseling session, a patient, a mother of a 5-year-old son, states, "I don't understand why my husband continually tries to get our son involved in T-ball
My son said the coach and his dad yelled at him and told him the game was lost because he couldn't catch the ball." What is the most important family interaction to maintain a healthy family unit? a. Maintain open communication among all family members. b. Encourage self-acceptance and self-esteem for all family members. c. Encourage all family members to partici-pate in community events. d. Realize that not all family members may be able to fulfill assigned roles.