What factors account for the local currents associated with graded potentials?
A) The movement of negative charges parallel to the inner surface of the cell.
B) The movement of negative charges parallel to the outer surface of the cell.
C) The movement of sodium ions parallel to the inner and outer surfaces of the cell.
D) The movement of extracellular fluid parallel to the outer surface of the cell.
E) The movement of intracellular fluid parallel to the inner surface of the cell.
Answer: C
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Trisomy-21 results in __________ syndrome.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?
A) The hair is thinner in the elderly. B) There are fewer melanocytes in the skin of a younger person. C) The blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of a young person. D) Bone strength decreases in the elderly. E) Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.
One of the main reasons damage to the lateral corticospinal tract on the left side of the body does not completely cause loss of conscious control of the left side of the body is that
A) the medial pathways also control voluntary movement. B) 15 percent of the voluntary control from the corticospinal tracts is uncrossed in the anterior corticospinal tract. C) the corticobulbar pathway contributes to the entire body. D) the extrapyramidal tracts help with conscious control. E) All of the answers are correct.
Depolarization from the resting potential of -70 mV proceeds slowly until it reaches a critical level known as ____
a. polarizing action b. electrical action c. depolarizing potential d. active potential e. threshold potential