Echinoderms and chordates are
(a) deuterostomes.
(b) protostomes.
(c) animals whose blastopore becomes a mouth.
(d) both b and c.
(a) deuterostomes.
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Both deletions and insertions occur during the evolution of microbial genomes. Insertions bring in new genes that may be useful for the cell, but deletions
A) may increase fitness of a microorganism by eliminating unneeded genes. B) always result in a severe loss of fitness for the microorganism. C) are uncommon because they are usually lethal. D) always result in a severe loss of fitness but keep microbial genomes compact.
An episome is a segment of bacterial DNA that can exist as a plasmid or be integrated into the bacterial chromosome
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following is mismatched with its location?
A. light reaction; grana B. electron transport; thylakoid membrane C. Calvin cycle; stroma D. ATP synthase; intermembrane space E. splitting of water; thylakoid space
Moist heat damages microorganisms by
A. damaging the phospholipid bilayer. B. denaturing and coagulating cellular proteins. C. oxidation of cellular components. D. damaging the cells nucleic acids.