Describe how the perspectives on identifying and treating individuals with exceptionalities have changed over the years
What will be an ideal response?
Answers should reflect the following trends:
(1) the shift from a medical orientation to an ecological or environmental orientation; (2) the shift from defining exceptionalities in terms of individual student traits to describing the interaction of individual characteristics and environmental demands;
(3) the shift in intervention focus from school age to the inclusion of early intervention and adult services;
(4) the shift from emphasis on treating the child to empowering the family; and (5) the shift from localizing intervention in special schools or treatment centers to providing services in the regular classroom and community.
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The cause of sickle cell anemia is ______.
a. a lack of folic acid in the maternal diet during pregnancy b. receiving two recessive genes for this condition c. receiving two dominant genes for this condition d. receiving the incorrect number of chromosomes
An individual's perceived self-efficacy is related to his or her:
a. Previous performance and success b. Encouragement and modeling by others c. Emotional reactions d. All of the above
A theory can be judged in terms of how well empirical data fit the theories predictions.
a. True b. False
Which of the following individuals is in Kohlberg's social contract stage of moral reasoning?
A. Dorothy does what the teacher says because he knows if he doesn't he'll be punished. B. Bonnie obeys the teacher because she wants the teacher to like her and to think nice things of her. C. Casey obeys the teacher because she understands that the only way that a classroom and a school can run effectively is if all of the students behave appropriately. D. David obeys the teacher because the rules say that all students must obey, and as a student his duty is to obey the rules.