Describe the Apgar scale and the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. What do these tests measure, and how are they used in in medical practice?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

The ideal answer should include:
1. Apgar stands for appearance (degree of oxygenation, which leads to a pinkish color of the baby's skin), pulse (the rate at which the heart beats), grimace (the extent to which the baby cries), activity (weak to strong muscle activity), and respiratory effort (from absent to strong breathing).
2. The test is given at one minute and again at five minutes after birth. Normal healthy newborns typically have scores of 8 to 9. If the score is below 7, a neonatologist is called to examine and possibly intervene with the baby. If the score is lower than 4, emergency medical attention is required.
3. If the infant is at risk for developmental or neurological difficulties, the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale may be used within the first month after birth. This scale evaluates infants' reflexes, ability to respond to people, control of their own behavior, and attention to objects and other stimuli. It is useful in identifying infants who need medical attention and in alerting parents to their child's needs.