Biochemicals known as cytokines serve to:
a. increase blood flow to the area of infec-tion and can also effectively wall off the infection through the production of barrier substances.
b. attract and enhance the activities of pha-gocytes.
c. have substantial effects on the activities of other cells.
d. directly kill gram-negative bacteria.
C
A key component of inflammation is the group of cytokines that are substances secreted by ma-crophages and other cells that enhance the antiinfective activities of other cells.
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Among animals, oviparity can be found in (select all correct choices):
A. birds. B. reptiles. C. mammals. D. amphibians. E. insects.
Neutralizing antibodies are those that function by:
a. attaching to the surface of pathogens and contributing to their destruction by the lytic action of complement. b. binding to and blocking surface receptors for host cells. c. attaching to the surface of pathogens and making the pathogens more amenable to ingestion by phagocytic cells. d. attaching to the surface of pathogens and contributing to their destruction by che-motaxis.
Which of the following processes is involved in the "central dogma" of genetics?
A) translation only B) transcription only C) DNA replication only D) transcription and translation E) DNA replication and translation
Which of the following is not a type of mRNA processing?
A. adding a cap B. splicing C. removing the introns D. adding a tail E. cleaving off the methionine