When conducting research with human participants, criminologists must develop a system of mutual trust and obligation between the researcher and subject. This is referred to as ______.
a. reliability
b. objectivity
c. validity
d. reciprocity
d. reciprocity
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Which of the following is a sign that negotiations are about turn dangerous?
a. Talk of personal needs and issues b. Humanizing hostages c. Defensive threats d. A depressed hostage-taker who denies thoughts of suicide
Which historical legacy of the Classical School continues to push for the achievement of deterrence as an objective of the criminal justice system?
a. Neoclassicism b. The Enlightenment c. Positivism d. Determinism
Strain theories generally make the case that people are more likely to commit crime when they are what?
a. Poor and/or lower class b. Psychologically disturbed c. Frustrated or under stress d. Pushed beyond limits
The mode is defined as:
a.the mathematical average. b.the middle score of a distribution that splits it into two equal halves. c. the most frequently occurring score in a distribution. d.the average of all the midpoints in a distribution.