Which change theory is based on the idea that organizations are open systems?
a. Systems theory c. Freeze-unfreeze theory
b. Chaos theory d. Learning organization theory
D
Peter Senge's (1990) learning organization theory is defined on five learning disciplines but is based on the premise that organizations are open systems. Systems theory emphasizes a system as a whole with differing parts or aspects that effect change, but these systems can be open or closed. Chaos theory is based on the concept that chaos has some form of order and this order emerges through repeated fluctuation and chaotic events, but does not deal with open systems. Lewin's (1951) Force-Field Model is the only one of these change theories that is not referred to as an emerging change theory and utilizes the unfreeze-move-refreeze format.
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