Motivation is best described as
A) the physiological triggers that tell us we may be deprived of something and cause us to seek out what is needed, such as food.
B) the body's physiological processes that allow it to maintain consistent internal states in response to the outer environment.
C) the stimuli we seek to reduce the drives such as social approval and companionship, food, water, and other needs.
D) the physiological and psychological processes underlying the initiation of behaviors that direct organisms toward specific goals.
Answer: D
Rationale: Motivation concerns the physiological and psychological processes underlying the initiation of behaviors that direct organisms toward specific goals. The other options describe related concepts or elements of motivation, but are not the best description for motivation in general.
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Horney called a false picture of oneself ____
a. ?a neurotic need b. ?compliance c. ?detachment d. ?the style of life e. ?the idealized self-image
Suppose that you wanted to try to advance a person's moral reasoning. What would you do?
a. Force a person to defend his or her moral judgments to a younger child using all levels of reasoning. b. Engage the person in thought-provoking discussions to present ideas at a higher level than the person is currently using in moral reasoning. c. Present moral arguments that are two or more levels higher than the person's current level of reasoning. d. There is nothing you can do; moral development depends largely on maturation of the central nervous system.
Based on research, which of the following statements best summarizes how middle-aged adults solve problems? a. Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a problem-focused approach
b. Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a passive-dependent approach. c. Middle-aged adults solve problems similarly regardless of the emotional issues involved. d. Middle-aged adults solve problems differently depending on the type of problem.
The most accurate way to think of genes is that they a. set boundaries for our development
b. determine both our physical and psychological characteristics. c. determine physical but not psychological characteristics. d. actually have very little to do with any of the characteristics that we display.