Identify and briefly describe Erik Erikson’s first four universal stages of development.
What will be an ideal response?
According to Erikson, each stage of development is defined by a conflict, which leads to opportunities for personal growth. The first stage, trust vs. mistrust, revolves around the idea if children are not cared for adequately, they develop a sense of mistrust in others and in themselves, and as they move to future stages, they see the world as untrustworthy. The second stage, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, concerns the idea that if children are made to feel ashamed of their efforts, they will develop a sense of self-doubt. The third stage, initiative vs. guilt, proposes that if children receive no guidelines or if they are not allowed to explore, satisfy their curiosity, and try new ventures, they will develop a sense of guilt and failure. The fourth stage, industry vs. inferiority, focuses on how children who do not develop an adequate sense of industry will settle for mediocrity and do less than they are able, with a resulting sense of inferiority.
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Define "wellness."
What will be an ideal response?
Reasons for increased childhood obesity include all of the following except
A. Proliferation of fast food restaurants B. Urban crime may keep more kids indoors C. Parent work schedules D. Media promotion of ultrathin people
The null hypothesis refers to the _______, whereas the research hypothesis refers to the _______.
a. sample; population b. direction; sample c. population; direction d. population; sample
When determining an instructional schedule, teachers should:
a) address critical listening during one unit b) address critical listening throughout the school year c) delay critical listening instruction until the upper elementary grades d) complete critical listening instruction by third grade