Explain briefly how immunological memory operates in (A) the short term and (B) the long term
What will be an ideal response?
A. Short-term immunological memory operates shortly after an adaptive immune response has cleared the infection in an individual and while the pathogen is still present in the community. If the individual is re-exposed and reinfected, antibodies generated in the first round of infection can bind immediately to the pathogen, blocking its action by neutralization and mediating its removal and destruction by complement fixation and phagocytosis. In addition, any remaining effector T cells or activated B cells can respond straight away to the presence of antigen. These activities ensure that the infection does not re-establish itself and also generate a fresh supply of antibodies and effector cells.
B. Long-term immunological memory is mediated through long-lived memory lymphocytes that are generated in the primary immune response. These are cells that can be rapidly stimulated by re-exposure to the same antigen to produce a strong and effective immune response that rapidly clears the pathogen.
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