For glycolysis to occur,
a. glucose must enter the mitochondria.
b. there must be an input of energy from ATP.
c. oxygen must be available.
d. ATP syntase must be activated.
e. heat must be supplied
B
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Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Giardia intestinalis can cause disease in several different mammalian species, including humans
Giardia organisms (G. intestinalis) that infect humans are similar morphologically to those that infect other mammals; thus they have been considered a single species. However, G. intestinalis has been divided into different subgroups based on their host and a few other characteristics. In 1999, a DNA sequence comparison study tested the hypothesis that these subgroups actually constitute different species. The following phylogenetic tree was constructed from the sequence comparison of rRNA from several subgroups of G. intestinalis and a few other morphologically distinct species of Giardia. The researchers concluded that the subgroups of Giardia are sufficiently different from one another genetically that they could be considered different species. (T. Monis et al. 1999. Molecular systematics of the parasitic protozoan Giardia intestinalis. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16[9]:1135-44.) According to the phylogenetic tree in the figure above, G. intestinalis constitutes a _____ group. A) paraphyletic B) monophyletic C) polyphyletic
Which statement is TRUE about mitosis in animal cells?
a. The location of the centromere is the same for each chromosome. b. All spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores. c. The spindle apparatus is composed of actin protein molecules. d. The spindle begins to disassemble during telophase. e. Some centromeres overlap midway at the spindle.
Keystone species involve _______.
a) species that have disproportionately large effects relative to their abundance b) certain small areas that hold unusually large number of species c) two species which cannot occupy the same niche in a habitat d) nonnative species introduced into a new ecosystem that cause native species to go extinct
Oxygen is transported in blood most efficiently
A. by combining with hemoglobin. B. by being dissolved in the plasma. C. by chemical conversion to water. D. by combining with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ions. E. as a free oxygen ion or radical.