The client asks the nurse how HIV is transmitted. The nurse explains that HIV is transmitted through:
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. needlesticks.
2. sexual activity.
3. breast-feeding.
4. casual contact.
5. birth.
Correct Answer: 1,2,3,5
Rationale 1: HIV may be transmitted through contact of infected fluids with needles.
Rationale 2: HIV may be transmitted through sexual activity.
Rationale 3: Newborns of an HIV-infected mother may acquire the virus through breast milk.
Rationale 4: HIV infection occurs by exposure to contaminated body fluids, most commonly blood or semen, because these fluids have the highest concentration of the virus. The virus is not transmitted through casual contact.
Rationale 5: Newborns of an HIV-infected mother may acquire the virus during birth.
Global Rationale: HIV infection occurs by exposure to contaminated body fluids, most commonly blood or semen, because these fluids have the highest concentration of the virus. Transmission may also occur through sexual activity or through contact of infected fluids with broken skin, mucous membranes, or needlesticks. Newborns of an HIV-infected mother may acquire the virus during birth or breast-feeding. The virus is not transmitted through casual contact.
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A student nurse asks the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurse, "Why does the patient come to the PACU prior to the medical-surgical unit?" The PACU nurse explains to the student nurse that:
A) The PACU allows the patient to recover from anesthesia in a stimulating environment to facilitate awakening and reorientation. B) The PACU allows the patient to recover from the effects of anesthesia; the patients stay in PACU until they are oriented, have stable vital signs, and are without complications. C) Frequently, patients are recovered in the medical-surgical unit, but hospitals are usually short of beds and the PACU is an excellent place to triage patients. D) The medical-surgical unit is frequently very busy and unable accept the patient from surgery, so the patients are observed and monitored in PACU until a bed is available.
You are caring for a patient who has had a right hip replacement. What should the nurse follow when caring for a patient who has just had hip replacement surgery?
A) Keep the hips in abduction. B) Keep hips flexed at 95 degrees. C) Elevate the head of the bed to a high Fowler's position. D) Seat the patient in a low chair.
When the nurse formulates nursing diagnoses, it is necessary to be specific in describing dysfunctional behaviors so as to
a. select appropriate desirable behaviors for outcome criteria. b. analyze how the patient was feeling at the time of assessment. c. explore the context that precipitated the exacerbation of the illness. d. determine how the illness relates to the patient's total life experience.
Adoption of universal precautions by health care workers is an example of:
a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Specific protection