Describe the muscle condition called tetanus. Is this a normal or a pathological event? If it is normal, what is the function? If it is pathological, what is the cause? The bacterium Clostridium tetani causes a disease called tetanus or lockjaw; you may have been vaccinated against tetanus, especially if you ever had hospital treatment for a skin wound. Speculate on whether or not the name of
this disease is related to the muscle condition and why the disease can be fatal.
What will be an ideal response?
Tetanus is a state of maintained contraction that occurs as a result of increased frequency of stimulation by the nerve that does not allow enough time between twitches for the muscle to relax. Tetanus is a normal event, which allows a muscle to develop its maximal force. The bacterial disease results in maintained contraction that is similar in charter to the tetanus that can result from high frequency muscle stimulation. The disease is fatal if respiratory muscles are unable to relax because then breathing would stop.
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Which of the following routes of blood flow is correct?
A. Heart > venule > medium vein > large vein > capillary > conducting artery > distributing artery > arteriole > heart B. Heart > large vein > medium vein > venule > capillary > arteriole > distributing artery > conducting artery > heart C. Heart > distributing artery > conducting artery > arteriole > capillary > venule > large vein > medium vein > heart D. Heart > conducting artery > distributing artery > arteriole > capillary > venule > medium vein > large vein > heart
Indol acetic acid derivatives like etodolac (EtoGesic®) have the benefit of a. being labeled for use in all species
b. being available in chewable and injectable forms. c. being present in gel and solution form. d. once-daily oral dosing.
The optimal pH range for the stomach enzyme pepsin is
A. 7.3-7.4. B. 10-12. C. 12.0-13.5. D. 6-8. E. 2-4.
When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called
A. chemical-gated channels. B. ligand-gated channels. C. open-gated channels. D. nongated ion channels. E. voltage-gated channels.