Describe the conduction of sound energy and its subsequent transduction into neural stimuli
What will be an ideal response?
The tympanic membrane vibrates when sound waves strike it. The movement of the tympanic membrane produces movement of the ossicles, which are the middle ear bones. The last of these bones, the stapes is attached to the oval window, which is part of the cochlea of the inner ear. As the stapes moves it pushes on the oval window membrane, which in turn causes the fluid in the inner ear to move. As the fluid in the inner ear moves it moves the basilar membrane that is located inside the cochlea. The transduction of sound waves to action potentials occurs as hair cells on top of the basilar membrane move as the membrane moves. This movement of hair cells causes cilia on their surface to bend. This bending opens ionic channels in the cilia, causing depolarizing or hyperpolarizing currents depending on the direction of the movement.
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