What are the Seven Quality Control (QC) Tools and what is their significance in quality improvement? Briefly explain how each tool is used
The Seven Quality Control (QC) Tools are flowcharts, run and control charts, checksheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, and scatter diagrams. The Seven QC Tools are designed to be simple and visual so that workers at all levels can use them easily and provide a means of communication that is particularly well suited in group problem-solving efforts.
Flowcharts identify the sequence of activities or the flow of materials and information in a process. Once a flowchart is constructed, it can be used to identify quality problems as well as areas for productivity improvement.
Run charts show the performance and the variation of a process or some quality or productivity indicator over time. A control chart is simply a run chart to which two horizontal lines, called control limits, are added: the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL). Control limits make it easier to interpret patterns in a run chart and draw conclusions about the state of control. Run and control charts summarize data in a graphical fashion that is easy to understand and interpret, identify process changes and trends over time, and show the effects of corrective actions.
Check sheets are special types of data collection forms in which the results may be interpreted on the form directly without additional processing.
Histograms provide clues about the characteristics of the parent population from which a sample is taken.
Pareto analysis separates the vital few from the trivial many and provides direction for selecting projects for improvement.
The cause-and-effect diagram is a simple, graphical method for presenting a chain of causes and effects and for sorting out causes and organizing relationships between variables.
Scatter diagrams are the graphical component of regression analysis. They often point to important relationships between variables, and are used to verify possible causes and effects obtained from cause-and-effect diagrams.
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