Which local anesthetic agent would be considered for use first due to its lower rate of adverse effects?
1. Tetracaine (Pontocaine)
2. Procaine (Novocain)
3. Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
4. Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine)
3
Rationale 1: Tetracaine (Pontocaine) is classified as an ester, which has more side effects than an amide.
Rationale 2: Procaine (Novocain) is classified as an ester, which has more side effects than an amide.
Rationale 3: Lidocaine is classified as an amide, and amides produce fewer side effects than do esters.
Rationale 4: Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine) is classified as an ester, which has more side effects than an amide.
Global Rationale: All except lidocaine are classified as esters. Lidocaine is classified as an amide, and amides produce fewer side effects than do esters.
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An inflammatory biochemical that is secreted in response to endotoxin or noninfectious agents is
a. arachidonic acid metabolite. c. tumor necrosis factor. b. platelet-activating factor. d. the complement system.
The nurse is teaching a client experiencing allergic responses about the antihistamine that the physician has ordered for the client. The nurse concludes that further teaching is needed when the client states:
1. "I might experience dry mouth when taking this drug." 2. "I should only take one dose at a time." 3. "I should notify the physician if I have trouble urinating." 4. "I should limit my intake of alcohol to two glasses of wine daily."
Which type of therapy assists the clients to alter their irrational thinking?
A) Psychopharmacology B) Desensitization C) Behavioral Therapy D) Cognitive Therapy
What is concept analysis?
a. Evaluation of the interrelationships of the concepts and statements in a framework b. The process of describing and naming a previously unrecognized concept c. Modifying conceptual definitions from other disciplines to be consistent with nursing usage d. A strategy through which a set of characteristics essential to the connotative meaning of a concept is identified