The nurse is admitting an 88-year-old woman to an extended care facility. Which of the following, if noted by the nurse, would be considered normal age-related changes? (Select all that apply.)
a. The woman reports being 5'2" but measures only 5'.
b. The woman takes small, shuffling steps.
c. The woman walks with a waddling gait.
d. She complains of mild pain in her hands in the morning.
e. There is an S-shaped curve to her back.
ANS: A, C, D
Common age-related changes include decreased height due to smaller intervertebral spaces; women develop a narrow stance with a waddling gait; and joint pain and stiffness are associated with articular cartilage wear. Small shuffling steps may be seen with Parkinson's disease; and S-shaped curve is usually related to scoliosis.
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