The nurse is assisting with teaching a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The patient asks what caused the fruity odor that was present at diagnosis. How should the nurse respond?
a. "The excess sugar in the blood is metabolized to fructose and excreted via the lungs."
b. "In the absence of available sugar, the body breaks down fat into ketones, which have a fruity odor."
c. "The proteins in the blood are metabolized to a substance that has a fruity odor."
d. "Excess sugar is excreted in the urine, which causes the fruity odor."
ANS: B
The body attempts to compensate for acidosis by deepening respirations, thereby blowing off excess carbon dioxide. The deep, sighing respiratory pattern is called Kussmaul's respirations. The expired air has a fruity odor caused by the ketones and may be mistaken for alcohol. Some nurses have likened the odor to Juicy Fruit gum. A, C, and D are not accurate.
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The patient is vomiting and complaining of severe chest discomfort. The nurse calls the health care provider in an attempt to obtain which of the following type of order?
a. PRN b. Standing c. One-time d. STAT
The nurse is preparing to measure a client's pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP). In what position will the nurse place the client for the most accurate results?
a. Supine, with the head elevated to 45 de-grees b. Supine, with the head elevated to 30 de-grees c. Reverse Trendelenburg position at 15 de-grees d. Supine, with the head of the bed flat
One of the differences between local and general anesthetics is that unlike local anesthetics, general anesthetics:
A. can limit the response to one area of the body. B. stimulate the activity of the central nervous system. C. cause total loss of consciousness. D. None of the above are correct.
A client approaches a clinic nurse in the waiting room and states, "I'd like to talk with you about a sexual problem I'm having." The nurse can best facilitate the interview by:
1. Offering, "Go ahead if you like. I have time to listen." 2. Suggesting, "Let's sit over there in the corner to discuss this." 3. Saying, "Let's go into my office where there's more privacy." 4. Asking, "I'm rather busy today; can we talk at your next appointment?"