All of the epithelial surfaces are protected by antimicrobial peptides called:
a. interleukins
b. interferons
c. histamine granules
d. defensins
e. chemotactic factor
d
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The junction between an axon and the muscle fiber itself is called a ________ junction.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which structure links the right and left sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord?
A. The posterior horn B. The ventral horn C. The posterior ramus D. The central canal E. The gray commissure
Identify factors that cause potassium excretion
A) Potassium excretion is caused by an increase in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF increases. B) Potassium excretion is caused by an increase in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF decreases. C) Potassium excretion is caused by a decrease in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF increases. D) Potassium excretion is caused by a decrease in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF decreases. E) Potassium excretion is caused by an increase in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF is neutral.
The afferent arteriole in the kidney
A) is also known as the descending limb of the nephron loop. B) empties directly into the calyx of the medulla. C) carries blood to the glomerulus. D) carries blood from glomerular capsule to the nephron loop. E) returns blood to the inferior vena cava.