In what situations is it ethical to deceive participants in an experiment? Provide an example that would ethically allow deception and an example in which the ethics of deception are more ambiguous.
What will be an ideal response?
Deception--subjects are misled about research procedures to determine how they would react to the treatment if they were not research subjects; debriefing--a researcher's informing subjects after an experiment about the experiment's purposes and methods and evaluating subjects' personal reactions to the experiment; distribution of benefits--an ethical issue about how much researchers can influence the benefits subjects receive as part of the treatment being studied in a field experiment; experiments that require researchers to refuse treatment to one group should be voluntary so that subjects know that they may or may not receive treatment. The study should not bring harm to any of the participants.
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What is true about what it means to be a "good citizen"?
a. It is based largely on an individual's moral fiber. b. It is defined by adherence to basic human rights. c. It refers exclusively to how law-abiding a person is. d. It is defined by the state. e. It is in the eyes of the beholder.
In any country in the world, which of the following people would you expect to participate the most in politics?
a. a professional poker player b. a pastor at a small-town church c. a wealthy business leader d. a college student taking courses in the social sciences
During periods of rapid growth in federal spending, such as the New Deal of the 1930s and the Great Society of the 1960s, what has been the corresponding response of interest groups?
a. Since funding and services increased there was far less need for advocacy, thus the number of interest groups decreased. b. The number of organized and active interest groups increased significantly in order to advocate for specific economic, ideological, and political issues. c. Interest groups began to merge their organizations into the federal government’s bureaucracy. d. Interest groups disbanded because, in effect, they had been successful in advocating for the creation of the new funding programs. e. There was little discernible difference in the organization or number of interest groups.
Staff activities are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. commanding line officials b. giving advice c. securing organizational leverage d. monitoring implementation of presidential decisions