Which of the following statements is true of the effect of optimism on cognitive functioning?
a. Optimism alone influences cognitive functioning.
c. Pessimists are more often inflexible, rigid, and likely to give up pursuing their goals.
b. Pessimists are more likely to pay attention to both positive and negative stimuli equally.
d. Optimists are more likely to pay attention to only positive stimuli and to ignore negative stimuli.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: In research, students who scored high on pessimism were more likely to pay attention to negative stimuli; students who scored high on optimism attended to both positive and negative stimuli (Segerstrom, 2001). A study of college students in Germany found that optimists were flexible and adaptable in their cognitive activities, whereas pessimists were more often inflexible, rigid, and likely to give up pursuing their goals (Weber, Vollmann, & Renner, 2007).
You might also like to view...
What tends to happen to intelligence in old age, on average?
a. Equal loss of fluid and crystallized intelligence b. Decline of fluid intelligence more than crystallized intelligence c. Decline of crystallized intelligence more than fluid intelligence d. Slight gains in both crystallized and fluid intelligence
Your mother wants to know what you have learned about the usefulness of psychotherapy. Which of the following would you most likely tell her?
a. If you believe in it, it will work for you. b. It is impossible to conduct research into the effectiveness of psychotherapy. c. Meta–analytic research has shown that psychotherapy is effective. d. Recent research has shown that the rate of improvement among people in psychotherapy was not greater than the rate of "spontaneous remission.".
In the decision of Kuhmo Tire Co Ltd. v. Carmichael (1999), the Supreme Court expanded the Daubert decision to
A. other experts besides scientists. B. experts whose methods do not meet acceptable standards. C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
A brief that takes a position on some legal or public policy issues is a
A. science-translation brief. B. Brandeis brief. C. advocacy brief. D. fact witness brief.