When police departments remove discretion and create an affirmative duty to report serious misconduct, it is called ______.

A. affirmative reporting
B. a nondiscretionary declaration
C. mandatory reporting
D. invasive action


C. mandatory reporting

Criminal Justice

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The current Japanese Constitution was created after:

a. World War I b. World War II c. the Korean War d. the Vietnam War

Criminal Justice

During an investigation, police officers seize evidence after forcible entry into a suspects home without first obtaining a warrant. When the case went to trial, the judge did not admit this evidence. Which of the following does this exemplify?

A. exclusionary rule B. Terry doctrine C. search and seizure D. probable cause

Criminal Justice

Positivism refers to what?

a. A neoclassical perspective b. A theoretical position focused on free will and hedonism c. A perspective focused on the effect of crime d. A perspective focused on identifying causes of crime

Criminal Justice

Indeterminate sentencing structures fit within the ______ focus.

a. restorative b. rehabilitative c. deterrent d. retributive

Criminal Justice