Dr. Irwin is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a research study, whereas Dr. Jenner is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time
Dr. Irwin is using a _________ research design; Dr. Jenner is using a ________ design.
a) cross-sectional; longitudinal
b) longitudinal; cross-sectional
c) longitudinal; simultaneous
d) sequential; cross-sectional
ANS: B, Longitudinal research tracks the same people over time. In cross-sectional research, individuals of different ages are compared.
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Based on what we know about Piaget's sensorimotor substages, in which substage would an infant be capable of deferred imitation?
A. Substage 2: primary circular reactions B. Substage 3: secondary circular reactions C. Substage 5: tertiary circular reactions D. Substage 6: mental representations
Researchers exploring the relative influence of decay and
interference on memory found that whether a list of digits was read at a slow or fast pace, items that came later in the list were more difficult to remember. This provided evidence that interference, and not decay, is the major factor in forgetting. For those who had subscribed to the decay theory of forgetting, this research points out the importance of A) extraordinary claims. B) ruling out rival hypotheses. C) falsifiability. D) replicability.
Autobiographical memory typically begins in
a. infancy. c. the school-age years. b. the preschool years. d. adolescence.
Complete the following analogy: independent variable is to ________ as dependent variable is to ________
a. relationship; direction b. hypothesis; evidence c. varied; measured d. internal validity; external validity