In the context of John Irwin's typology for summarizing imprisonment, which of the following statements is true about the contemporary violent prison?

A. It was a walled prison with large cell blocks that contained stacks of three or more tiers of one- or two-man cells.
B. It included all the treatment-program control mechanisms of the correctional institution.
C. It arose by default as the correctional institution faded and the fairness of coerced prison rehabilitation programming began to be challenged.
D. It emerged as penologists turned to the field of medicine as a model for their work and became the dominant type of prison in the 1950s.


Answer: C

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