Discuss the findings of The Minnesota Longitudinal Study and Risk and Adaptation. Be sure to include findings about emotional and physical neglect

What will be an ideal response?


The study was strongly influenced by attachment theory, which emphasizes the unique importance of the caregiver–infant relationship. They found that both physical and emotional neglect in early childhood were associated with long-term adjustment problems. For example, children that experienced physical neglect had height rates of anxious attachment, low levels of enthusiasm during toddler years. In elementary school they had pervasive adjustment problems, high rates of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. They also had high rates of alcohol use, delinquency, and school drop-out. In terms of emotional neglect, consequences may be even more profound. At 18 months, all emotionally neglected children were anxiously attached. During toddlerhood, emotionally neglected children displayed more anger and noncompliance. Neglected children have fewer positive peer relationships, more social problems, delinquency, suicidality, and mental health disorders.

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According to the ACA Code of Ethics, when counselors go on vacation they must:

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The major use of standardized tests in counseling is to

a. Make predictions about client's behavior. b. Help clients set realistic goals c. Help clients in exploring and clarifying their problem. d. All of the above.

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Professionals may be involved in Social Security disability determination procedures as

a. treating professionals b. medical file reviewers c. expert aides to administrative law judges d. all of the above

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Most children and adolescents experience adjustment difficulties (pre and postdivorce) for

a. 6 months b. 5 years c. 3 months d. 1 to 2 years

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