A nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse plans care knowing that which client is likely at risk for the development of third-spacing? (Select all that apply.)
a. the client with cirrhosis d. the client with renal failure
b. the client with diabetes mellitus e. the client with pneumonia
c. the client with sepsis f. the client with Parkinson's
A, B, C, D
Third-space fluid occurs when fluid shifts into the interstitial spaces and remains there. Common sites for third-spacing include the abdomen, pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, and pericardial sac. Clients at risk for developing third-spacing have diagnoses of liver or kidney disease, major trauma, burns, sepsis, wound healing, or major surgery; are clients with malignancy, malabsorption syndrome, or malnutrition (such as diabetes); use alcohol; or are elderly.
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