Urea is
a. a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein
b. passively reabsorbed at the end of the proximal tubule down a urea concentration gradient created by the osmotic-induced reabsorption of water from the proximal tubule
c. recycled between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle and this contributes to medullary hypertonicity
d. found in the blood, filtrate, and urine
e. all of the above
E
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