The products of genes that are switched on in specific tissues at specific stages of development affect mainly _______________.
A. gene replication
B. gene transcription
C. mRNA transcript processing
D. translation
E. post-translational processing of proteins
Answer: B
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Poliovirus is an RNA virus of the picornavirus group, which uses its RNA as mRNA. At its end, the RNA genome has a viral protein (VPg) instead of a cap. This is followed by a nontranslated leader sequence, and then a single long protein-coding region
(~7000 nucleotides), followed by a poly-A tail. Observations were made that used radioactive amino acid analogues. Short period use of the radioactive amino acids result in labeling of only very long proteins, while longer periods of labeling result in several different short polypeptides. What conclusion is most consistent with the results of the radioactive labeling experiment? A) Host cell ribosomes only translate the viral code into short polypeptides. B) The RNA is only translated into a single long polypeptide, which is then cleaved into shorter ones. C) The RNA is translated into short polypeptides, which are subsequently assembled into large ones. D) The large radioactive polypeptides are coded by the host, whereas the short ones are coded for by the virus.
Differences in populations may arise over time when physical structures in the environment, such as mountains or large bodies of water, change. These structures are referred to as
A) Pangaea. B) continental drift. C) macroevolution. D) geographical barriers. E) micro-isolation bottleneck effect.
Which of the following sex-linked disorders was common among the royal families of Europe, and all of the affected males could trace their ancestry to Queen Victoria of England?
A) fragile X syndrome B) hemophilia C) color-blindness D) Duchenne muscular dystrophy E) None of the answer choices is true.
The giant tube worms (Riftia) found at hydrothermal vents form a symbiotic relationship with
a. fungi. b. sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. c. cyanobacteria. d. nitrogen-fixing bacteria.