What is the legal definition of a voluntary act? Explain fault-based defenses and affirmative defenses and their relationship to the legal definition of a voluntary act. Provide examples
What will be an ideal response?
The MPC—and many state criminal codes—define "voluntary," not by telling us what a voluntary act is, but by listing acts that are not voluntary. The list usually includes movements during various forms of automatism (bodily movements while unconscious). The MPC adds a fourth catchall to these, namely "a bodily movement that otherwise is not a product of the effort or determination of the actor, either conscious or habitual" (ALI 1985 § 2.01(2)). Fault-based defenses are defenses based on creating a reasonable doubt about the prosecution's proof of a voluntary act (sleepwalking). Affirmative defenses are defenses that take place after the prosecution has provided defendant's criminal conduct and provide excuses for criminal liability.
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When you have a judgment against someone who has not paid voluntarily, you will need to have some property of theirs legally designated as yours to fulfill the debt, which is called a(n) ______
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Patrol officers are often authorized to conduct investigations of certain categories of crimes, such as misdemeanors
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Experts estimate that at least _____ of college students are raped or sexually assaulted during their years in college
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
When police are operating in the order maintenance mode, they are generally using
A. a Kantian ethical formalism frame of reference B. a utilitarian frame of reference C. a Nicomachean frame of reference D. no particular frame of reference