List and describe five techniques for improving written communication to intercultural audiences
Adjust writing style and tone: Learn how documents are formatted and addressed in the intended reader's country. Decide whether to use your organization's preferred format or adjust to local styles.
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Use short sentences and short paragraphs: Sentences with fewer than 20 words and paragraphs with fewer than eight lines are most readable.
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Observe titles and rank: Use last names, titles, and other signals of rank and status. Send messages to higher-status people and avoid sending copies to lower-ranking people.
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Avoid ambiguous expressions: Include relative pronouns for clarity in introducing clauses. Stay away from contractions. Avoid idioms, figurative clichés, slang, acronyms, abbreviations, jargon, and sports references. Use action-specific verbs.
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Strive for clarity: Avoid words that have many meanings. If necessary, clarify words that may be confusing. Replace two-word verbs with clear single words.
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Use correct grammar: Be careful with misplaced modifiers, dangling participles, and sentence fragments. Use conventional punctuation.
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Cite numbers carefully: For international trade it is a good idea to learn and use the metric system. In citing numbers use figures rather than words. Always convert dollar figures into local currency. Avoid using figures to express the month of a year.
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