Describe the pathogenesis of malignant hyperthermia
What will be an ideal response?
Suggested response: In malignant hyperthermia an intracellular skeletal muscle biochemical defect and exposure to trigger agents results in excessive amounts of calcium in the myoplasm released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The resultant high level of calcium causes intense skeletal muscle contraction that, in turn, causes heat production, increased oxygen consumption and increased carbon dioxide production. Malignant hyperthermia is a cyclic process that liberates heat and produces lactic acid. Cell membrane disruption then leads to potassium, phosphate, magnesium and myoglobin leakage into the extracellular fluid, which results in increased serum levels.
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A 77-year-old patient has been brought to the emergency department by the daughter due to recent visual disturbances and unilateral weakness. The diagnostic workup has led the diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
Which of the following patient history most likely contributed to the patient's current health problem? A) The patient was treated for anemia 3 months ago. B) The woman is a smoker and takes antihypertensive medications. C) The woman has a history of recurrent deep vein thromboses. D) The woman was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease early this year.
A mother is concerned because the anterior fontanelle swells when the newborn cries. What would the nurse include in her teaching to a new mother about the normal findings concerning the fontanelles? Select all that apply
1. The fontanelles can swell with crying. 2. The fontanelles might be depressed. 3. The fontanelles can pulsate with the heartbeat. 4. The fontanelles might bulge. 5. The fontanelles can swell when stool is passed. Correct
A client who suffered a spinal cord injury at level T5 several months ago develops a flushed face and blurred vision. On taking vital signs, the nurse notes the blood pressure to be 184/95 mm Hg. Which is the nurse's first action?
a. Palpate the area over the bladder for dis-tention. b. Place the client in the Trendelenburg posi-tion. c. Administer oxygen via a nasal cannula. d. Perform bilateral carotid massage.
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old in traction. While performing a skin assessment, the nurse notices that the skin over the calcaneus appears slightly red and irritated. Which action would the nurse take first?
A) Reposition the child's foot on a pressure-reducing device. B) Apply lotion to his foot to maintain skin integrity. C) Make sure the skin is clean and dry. D) Gently massage his foot to promote circulation.