In the context of Gestalt therapy, what is meant by catastrophic expectations?
a. If we are pessimists, we tend to have expectations that life will be catastrophic for no apparent reason.
b. Catastrophic expectations occur when clients have had bad experiences with other therapists. Gestalt therapy is appropriate for these clients because it is different from what is expected.
c. If as children we act independently and spontaneously only to find ourselves severely punished or rejected, we grow up to think that following our impulses is dangerous.
d. Gestalt therapists believe that psychotic clients have catastrophic expectations that are very difficult to treat.
e. Fritz Perls warned Gestalt therapists that expecting too much change from a client can be catastrophic for the client.
Answer: c
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