Describe the trait approach to leadership. Identify and define at least six task or interpersonal attributes that have been shown by research to be associated, either positively or negatively, with effective leadership. From your experience, identify at least three leaders who have some combination of these traits. With which one are you most comfortable?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Trait theory is the successor to what was called the "great man" theory of leadership. This approach was based on the assumption that leaders are born with some inborn ability to lead. In contrast, trait theorists believe that leadership traits are not innate, but can be developed through experience and learning. The trait approach attempts to identify personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that can be used to differentiate leaders form followers.

Table 13.1 lists positive task-oriented traits (i.e., intelligence, conscientiousness, open to experience, and emotional stability), positive interpersonal attributes of leaders (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, communication skills, and emotional intelligence), and the negative "dark side" traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Narcissism is defined as having a self-centered perspective, feelings of superiority, and a drive for personal power and glory. Machiavellianism entails the use of manipulation, a cynical view of human nature, and a moral code that puts results over principles. Psychopathy is characterized as a lack of concern for others, impulsive behavior, and a lack of remorse or guilt when one's actions harm others.