The patient has a routine urinalysis done, and the results show protein in the urine. What does the nurse correctly conclude about this result?
1. The patient is in acute renal failure, and needs to be hospitalized.
2. The patient probably has kidney damage; protein should not be present in the urine.
3. There could be a mistake with the results; the patient should have another test done.
4. The results probably mean nothing if the amount of protein is very small.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: When filtrate passes through Bowman's capsule, its composition is similar to plasma. Plasma proteins are too large to pass through the filter, and if they appear in the filtrate or urine, this indicates kidney pathology. There is no evidence to support a mistake with the results of the urinalysis. Any amount of protein in the kidney is considered abnormal. There is no evidence that this patient is in acute renal failure.
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