Avoidance is a problem when trying to discover reinforcers because:
a. the negative reinforcement precedes the behavior.
b. the aversive consequence may not occur.
c. the problem is completely avoided.
d. avoidance learning continues to occur.
B.
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When Mike "psychs himself up" before an important game, he is exercising a form of self-control Skinner calls:
a. changing the stimulus conditions b. physical restraints c. physical aids d. manipulating emotional conditions
A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that
A) people are influenced by others' thoughts and behaviors. B) a particular behavior is the result of a single causal variable. Correct. Most behaviors are the result of multiple factors. A single-variable explanation is very rarely accurate. C) a person's culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviors. Incorrect. Recent years have seen an enormous increase in psychology's recognition that the impact of culture on behaviors must always be considered. D) a person's future behavior is often difficult to predict accurately.
Activities designed to end a person's life such as administering poison are referred to as
A. passive euthanasia. B. expedient termination. C. the Stockholm Syndrome. D. active euthanasia.
Wegner, Anisfield, and Pilloff (1998) had participants putt a golf ball, and gave a specific instruction not to overshoot the hole
Some subjects were given a six-digit number to hold in mind while they made the putt (they had to report the series of digits after). Others were simply asked to putt. What happened? a) All participants showed an increased likelihood of overshooting relative to a condition where overshooting was never mentioned. b) All participants showed an increased likelihood of undershooting relative to a condition where overshooting was never mentioned. c) Participants holding digits in mind showed an increased likelihood of overshooting relative to a condition in which overshooting was never mentioned. d) Participants holding digits in mind showed a decreased likelihood of overshooting relative to a condition in which overshooting was never mentioned.