For which reason do many researchers prefer to write a hypothesis as a directional hypothesis?
1. The use of the null hypothesis in a study demonstrates the researcher's lack of critical thought about the phenomenon under study.
2. It clarifies the study's framework and demonstrates that the researcher has thought critically about the phenomenon under study.
3. A research hypothesis should not specify the proposed relationship between the study variables.
4. Occasionally the researcher writes a research hypothesis, which is the same as the null hypothesis.
2
Rationale 1: Some researchers write hypotheses in the null form, but this does not mean that the researcher has not thoughtfully considered the relationship of the variables. The null hypothesis is always tested in experimental studies, no matter how the study hypothesis is written.
Rationale 2: A directional hypothesis is preferred when there is a reasonable basis to predict the relationship between the variables that is based on the researcher's critical thought and analysis of the phenomenon under study.
Rationale 3: The hypothesis should predict the relationship between the variables.
Rationale 4: The null hypothesis predicts that there is no relationship between the study variables. The research hypothesis states the predicted relationship. They are not the same.
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