The nursing student is studying hypersensitivity reactions. Which reactions are correctly matched with their hypersensitivity types? (Select all that apply.)
a. Type I - Examples include hay fever and anaphylaxis
b. Type II - Mediated by action of immunoglobulin M (IgM)
c. Type III - Immune complex deposits in blood vessel walls
d. Type IV - Examples are poison ivy and transplant rejection
e. Type V - Examples include a positive tuberculosis test and sarcoidosis
ANS: A, C, D
Type I reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and include hay fever, anaphylaxis, and allergic asthma. Type III reactions consist of immune complexes that form and deposit in the walls of blood vessels. Type IV reactions include responses to poison ivy exposure, positive tuberculosis tests, and graft rejection. Type II reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin G, not IgM. Type V reactions include Graves' disease and B-cell gammopathies.
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