What stages do children move through as they become proficient readers and writers?
What will be an ideal response?
Children move through the emergent, beginning, and fluent stages of literacy development. During the emergent stage, children develop interest in reading and writing, acquire a concept about print, develop book-handling skills, learn to identify the letters and the alphabet, develop handwriting skills, and learn to read and write a few high-frequency words. During the beginning stage, children learn phonics skills, recognize the 100 high-frequency words, spell phonetically, write sentences, and reread their writing. During the fluent stage, children read fluently and with expression, recognize most one-syllable words automatically, use the writing process to develop well-developed compositions, and spell most one-syllable words correctly.
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Which of the following about active participation is true?
a. One of the main purposes of active participation is to help English language learners b. While it may help to keep students on-task, it does not impact achievement c. It is mostly useful for students who have trouble paying attention as it can help keep them involved d. It can help students stay on-task and it does impact achievement
Which is most related to the external validity of the study?
a. Procedures b. Instrumentation c. Review of the literature d. Sampling e. Statement of the problem
A child who is hypotonic is often called a child who is "floppy."
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Postpositivist research has which of the following characteristics:
a. Multiple realities b. Collaboration with participants c. Focus on subjective meanings d. Belief in multiple perspectives e. Focus on cause and effect